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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Anthropology, Cultural|Health Sciences, Public Health|Sustainability":
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PARKER, MELISSA, und IAN HARPER. „THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF PUBLIC HEALTH“. Journal of Biosocial Science 38, Nr. 1 (23.11.2005): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005001148.
Annotation:
The Journal of Biosocial Science regularly publishes papers addressing the social and cultural aspects of disease, sickness and well-being. Most of these papers attempt to understand the prevalence and distribution of disease and sickness within and between populations as well as local responses to biomedical interventions and public health policy more generally. They fall broadly within the remit of human ecology; and they embrace a ‘factorial’ model of disease in which social and cultural factors are deemed to be just one of a number of factors to be considered alongside a range of other factors. These include biological features of the infecting organism; nutritional factors; environmental factors; psychological factors; and genetic factors influencing susceptibility to disease at an individual and population level.
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OUTRAM, SIMON M., und GEORGE T. H. ELLISON. „ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSIGHTS INTO THE USE OF RACE/ETHNICITY TO EXPLORE GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO DISPARITIES IN HEALTH“. Journal of Biosocial Science 38, Nr. 1 (03.11.2005): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005000921.
Annotation:
Anthropological insights into the use of race/ethnicity to explore genetic contributions to disparities in health were developed using in-depth qualitative interviews with editorial staff from nineteen genetics journals, focusing on the methodological and conceptual mechanisms required to make race/ethnicity a genetic variable. As such, these analyses explore how and why race/ethnicity comes to be used in the context of genetic research, set against the background of continuing critiques from anthropology and related human sciences that focus on the social construction, structural correlates and limited genetic validity of racial/ethnic categories. The analyses demonstrate how these critiques have failed to engage geneticists, and how geneticists use a range of essentially cultural devices to protect and separate their use of race/ethnicity as a genetic construct from its use as a societal and social science resource. Given its multidisciplinary, biosocial nature and the cultural gaze of its ethnographic methodologies, anthropology is well placed to explore the cultural separation of science and society, and of natural and social science disciplines. Anthropological insights into the use of race/ethnicity to explore disparities in health suggest that moving beyond genetic explanations of innate difference might benefit from a more even-handed critique of how both the natural and social sciences tend to essentialize selective elements of race/ethnicity. Drawing on the example of HIV/AIDS, this paper demonstrates how public health has been undermined by the use of race/ethnicity as an analytical variable, both as a cipher for innate genetic differences in susceptibility and response to treatment, and in its use to identify ‘core groups’ at greater risk of becoming infected and infecting others. Clearly, a tendency for biological reductionism can place many biomedical issues beyond the scope of public health interventions, while socio-cultural essentialization has tended to stigmatize ‘unhealthy behaviours’ and the communities where these are more prevalent.
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Anciaux, Alain. „International Voices: Are We Learning from History?“ Practicing Anthropology 22, Nr. 4 (01.09.2000): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.22.4.v1161n7032367048.
Annotation:
The panel organized by the SfAA International Committee in San Francisco was focused on the topic "Are We Learning from history: Public Health Research, Policy and Programs." Participants gave the audience the opportunity to reflect upon five questions. The papers were: "Picking Mangos from the Trees: Is the Timing Right?" (Elizabeth Guillette, University of Arizona), "Are Lessons Learned? The Case of a Women's Empowerment Project in Madagascar" (Gisele Maynard Tucker); "Applications of Medical Anthropology to Epidemiological Research: Collaboration and Consternation" (Deborah O. Erwin, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences); "Tolerance toward Cultural Difference in Public Health: Contributions of Medical Anthropology to Ethical Relativism" (Raymond Massé, Laval University); and "Applied Anthropology: the ‘Black Duck’ of Impact Assessment" (Alain Anciaux, Brussels University).
4
Mahoney, Dillon, Renice Obure, Krista Billingsley, Michaela Inks, Eugenie Umurutasate und Roberta D. Baer. „Evaluating Understandings of State and Federal Pandemic Policies: The Situation of Refugees from the Congo Wars in Tampa, Florida“. Human Organization 79, Nr. 4 (01.12.2020): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-79.4.271.
Annotation:
This article addresses underlying inequities for resettling refugees that have been exposed by COVID-19, including language barriers and access to public health information, food, health care, housing, and employment. It also speaks to theoretical concerns about the role of structural forces in creating increased health risks for vulnerable populations. Fieldwork that began in May 2020 investigated the extent to which refugees in Tampa understand and can operationalize the state and federal pandemic policies that have been put in place in the wake of the spread of COVID-19. The issues include understanding of COVID-19 and how it is transmitted, ability and willingness to practice distancing, access to food assistance, ability to help children with remote learning, and workplace disruptions, including the need to file for unemployment. Our method speaks to community-based approaches to anthropological fieldwork in pandemic situations, while demonstrating that critical language skills and in-depth cultural knowledge are essential for evaluating public health pandemic messaging and helping vulnerable populations.
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Gullette, Gregory. „The Built Environment and Public Health, Russell P. Lopez. 2012. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.“ Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment 35, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2013): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12021.
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Calvente, Lisa B. Y. „Racism is a public health crisis! Black Power in the COVID-19 pandemic“. Cultural Studies 35, Nr. 2-3 (04.05.2021): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2021.1898017.
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White, Sydney. „From "Barefoot Doctor" to "Village Doctor" in Tiger Springs Village: A Case Study of Rural Health Care Transformations in Socialist China“. Human Organization 57, Nr. 4 (01.12.1998): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.57.4.hp3311372h0xx2u7.
Annotation:
During the 1970s, a wave of publications emerged in "the West" on the dramatic Cultural Revolution developments which were taking place in rural health care in the People's Republic of China. The PRC's model became internationally renowned in public health and health development circles, and served as the inspiration for the World Health Organization's Primary Health Care initiative. In the early to mid-1980's, however, with the advent of post-Mao political and economic changes in the PRC, specifically rural decollectivization, it was feared that the fate of rural health care in China was seriously threatened. Since the early 1980s, a number of additional scholarly publications have addressed the changes in rural health care in the post-Mao PRC. This article contributes to the ongoing discussion about rural PRC health care by illuminating some of the discrepancies between the policies upon which much of the debate has been based and the actual ways in which the policies were played out "on the ground" as reflected in a case study of one rural area of the PRC. Several key points about the practice of rural health care both during and after collectivization are addressed, as are a number of other concerns, including the financing of rural health care, its relative emphasis on prevention and primary care versus curing and secondary and tertiary care, issues of villagers' access to health services, issues of training and/or professionalization of village health practitioners, and issues of relative emphasis on Chinese versus Western medicine.
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Wolański, Napoleon, und Anna Siniarska. „Dzieje placówek ekologii człowieka w Polsce“. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, Nr. 1 (31.12.2003): 25–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.02.
Annotation:
Poland is the country where a first scientific institution under the name of Human Ecology (HE) had been established. It took place in 1960 in the National Research Institute of Mother and Child. In 1969 this institution was moved to the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences under the name of Laboratory of Human Ecology then changed into the Department of Human Ecology. In the middle of the 60s, the Laboratory of Human Ecology and Paleopathology was created in the Department of Mediterranean Archaeology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In the 70s the Department of Hygiene and Human Ecology existed in the College of Physical Education in Katowice. HE is the main interest of the Department of Human Populational Ecology, Institute of Anthropology of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Since 1999 the Division of Human Ecology within the Department of Biology and Human Ecology exists in the Academy of Physical Education in Wrocław. In 2000 the Department of HC in the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences was canceled and then in 2001, the Unit of EC in the Faculty of Christian Philosophy of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University was created. Within this Unit, two Chairs were formed: Human Biology and Cultural Anthropology. The first one contains three Departments: 1. Auxology and Gerontology; 2. Genetics of Human Population and Demography; 3. Public Health and Nutrition. The second Chair has two Departments: 1. Ethnology and Anthropogeography; 2. Urban and Space Planning.
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Harris, Shana. „The Social Practice of Harm Reduction in Argentina: A “Latin” Kind of Intervention“. Human Organization 75, Nr. 1 (01.01.2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0018-7259-75.1.1.
Annotation:
“Harm reduction” is a public health model that places emphasis on reducing the negative effects of drug use rather than on eliminating drug use or ensuring abstinence. Based on sixteen months of ethnographic research, this article examines how harm reduction in Argentina is both envisioned and observed as a social practice by analyzing how local harm reductionists position their work in relation to “social context.” My informants consider this social emphasis to be characteristic of a “Latin” kind of intervention, which they differentiate from an “Anglo-Saxon” approach focused on individual behavior change. Differentiating between these “cultural” models of intervention helps Argentine harm reductionists guide their social orientation to drug use, risk, and harm by situating interventions in the contexts in which users live and operate. It also allows them to distinguish their social form of harm reduction from a neoliberal one that they associate with the global North. The construction of these distinct cultural models of intervention is a means of critiquing neoliberal approaches to health that advocate technical solutions to changing individual behavior. Ultimately, this construct acts as a political commentary on the limits of an individual-oriented harm reduction project when applied to the Argentine context.
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Cuj, Miguel, Mareike Sattler und Sasha de Beausset. „Maya K’iche’ Food Groups and Implications for Guatemalan Food Guidelines“. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, Nr. 2 (25.03.2020): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120912161.
Annotation:
The anthropology of linguistics, food, and nutrition sciences has a key role with regard to taking a critical look at the Guatemalan Food Guidelines (GFG). These GFG are communicated to native communities to interpret their eating patterns and the structural cognitive interpretation of these food groups in a cultural context. Our understanding of food is informed by cognitive structure represented by language. Since food is fundamental in human cultural identities, understanding food and food categories from the perspective of Mayan indigenous groups should be a fundamental pillar of health, food, and nutrition. The purpose of this research was to explore the GFG and compare them to K’iche’ understandings of food groups in terms of cognitive structural similarities and differences. The research was carried out in the field by way of semi-structured interviews and participant observation among K’iche’ Mayan families in Nahualá (Western Guatemala) to compare and contrast data collected on K'iche' food groups and corresponding cognitive structure with previously published findings on the GFG. These findings were confirmed through fieldwork, though some of the nuances of subcategories have changed, and significant stress was placed on 2 food groups: wa (corn-based food) and ri’kil (non-corn-based food). The research concludes that the cognitive structure and understanding of food groups and their uses communicated through K’iche’ language differ significantly from the hierarchical, technical description of food groups communicated through the GFG. In order to strengthen public health approaches to food and nutrition, indigenous knowledge must be respected, learned, and integrated into GFG.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Anthropology, Cultural|Health Sciences, Public Health|Sustainability":
1
McNab, Philip R. „"Planting Wholesome Seeds"| Organic Farming and Community Supported Agriculture at Sweetwater Organic Community Farm“. University of South Florida, 2013.
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Tesler, Laura Eve. „Locations of self in smoking discourses and practices: An ethnography of smoking among adolescents and young adults in the United States“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278757.
Annotation:
Whereas the presence of an ashtray on every table in American restaurants was once the norm, smoking in public places has become increasingly restricted during the late twentieth century. Given the changes in numerous physical and social environments impacting on smoking messages and behaviors within the larger context of contemporary American ideologies about morality, identity, the body, and the social order, how has the relationship between smoking and identity changed? The task of this thesis is to explore this question from the perspective of 22 contemporary young adults with personal smoking histories. After reviewing social trends in cigarette consumption during the past century, I examine the present relationship between smoking and identity, including the influence of social factors, and the significance of identity to motivations and practices pertaining to self-restricted smoking and cessation. The work of constructing, reconstructing and negotiating one's moral identity through discourse and practice receives special attention.
3
Smith-Morris, Carolyn 1966. „A political economy of diabetes, pregnancy, and identity in the Gila River Indian Community“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279885.
Annotation:
More than half of all Pima Indians over age 35 have Diabetes Mellitus and prevalence rates continue to rise; this despite billions of dollars spent every year on research and prevention activity by the National Institute of Health, the American Diabetes Association, and the Indian Health Service nationwide. Because of the many health problems which can occur in conjunction with uncontrolled diabetes, including heart disease, kidney disease, neuropathy, retinopathy, and depression, the insidious or symptomless nature of this disease creates an urgent need for early detection, prevention, and effective treatment. Several anthropological studies of Native Americans have been conducted over the last century, but few have focused on Native American understandings of and response to diabetes, particularly its sometimes "latent" quality, as in gestational diabetes which "goes into remission" after childbirth. Biomedical concepts such as risk, prevention, disease latency, and genetic predisposition or heritability are critical to the prevention of many chronic illnesses, but do not translate well or effectively across cultural lines. This dissertation presents a focused ethnography examining this process of integration between Native American and biomedical health models at the Gila River Indian Community, particularly around the issue of diabetes. Because diabetes is a complicating factor in pregnancy and childbirth due to fetal stress, high birth weight, and necessitated cesarean-section deliveries, and due to the relationship between gestational diabetes and the subsequent health of both the mother and infant, pregnant women are the focus of this research.
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Bukhman, Gene. „Reform and resistance in post-Soviet tuberculosis control“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279923.
Annotation:
This dissertation analyzes the process of international negotiation over tuberculosis (TB) control in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) during the 1990s. Relying on archival research, interview data, survey research, and ethnographic fieldwork, this dissertation shows the relevance of political economy, bioethics, and the sociology of knowledge to TB reform in Central Asia, Russia, the Caucuses, and other regions of the FSU. This dissertation shows how debates around TB reform in the FSU have revealed the roles of national governments, multilateral institutions, and nongovernmental organizations in a world system of international health policy structured during the cold war.
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Kangas, Beth E. „The lure of technology: Yemenis' international medical travel in a global era“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280190.
Annotation:
Using Yemen as a case study, this medical anthropological dissertation examines experiences of serious illnesses and injuries in developing countries that lack the financial and medical capabilities to treat them. Yemeni patients suffering from cancer and other complicated conditions must currently go abroad to pursue advanced medical care. Despite the great cost, medical travellers are from all social classes. The dissertation draws on multi-sited and multi-locale research to explore hardships that result when medical possibilities, and awareness of them, surpass financial abilities. I situate the international medical travel of Yemeni patients and family members in a global context. This highlights both worldwide commonalities surrounding sophisticated medical technology, and specifics related to Yemen as a developing country with its particular historical and cultural context. In this study, I employed an array of methods: interviews with Yemeni medical travellers in India and Jordan, participant observation in Yemen's central hospital, scourings of Yemen's Arabic newspapers from the first half of the 20th century, and open-ended surveys with doctors, religious scholars, and members of the Yemeni Parliament. Data sources are interwoven throughout the dissertation. Chapters parallel the various steps that patients and family members take throughout their medical journeys. In the conclusion, I argue that medicine should not be viewed as a consumer good for the market to regulate. In pursuing and providing high-tech medicine, patients and their families fulfill moral, social, and familial obligations.
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Pylypa, Jennifer Jean. „Healing herbs and dangerous doctors: Local models and response to fevers in northeast Thailand“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290045.
Annotation:
Many acute infectious diseases found in tropical countries share a set of non-specific symptoms in common, making distinctions between them difficult and diagnosis in clinical settings complex. The high prevalence of comorbidity in developing nations further adds to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. For families living in rural communities, evaluating symptoms in the home prior to choosing a course of treatment action is even more difficult. Not only are families faced with ambiguities in symptom presentations, their decisions about how to interpret a particular illness episode are influenced by a complex combination of public health messages and ethnomedical models of illness. Furthermore, since cultural illness classifications do not necessarily correspond in a one-to-one relationship with biomedical disease categories, concerns and behaviors associated with a particular cultural illness category may have implications for many different diseases. From a health communication, education, and prevention perspective, it is therefore important to consider different diseases and illness categories not only as individual, separable entities, but also in terms of how they are interpreted and acted upon in relation to each other. In this dissertation, I provide an overview of major, acute infectious diseases found in northeast Thailand, including diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections, malaria, and dengue fever. I then examine cultural models and responses to these diseases in detail. I subsequently discuss a cultural illness category prominent in northeast Thailand known as khai makmai ('fruit fever'). I demonstrate how the classification of diverse illness episodes (resulting from a variety of biomedical diseases) as khai makmai, combined with cultural concerns about health practitioners' mismanagement of khai makmai, has important implications for both the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases. I conclude by arguing for the need for more integrated, ethnomedical approaches to health education and interventions that take into account the impact of cultural models and responses for multiple infectious disease problems simultaneously.
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Crane, Johanna. „Resistant to treatment: AIDS, science, and power at the dawn of Uganda's 'treatment era'“. Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3261261.
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McEwen, Marylyn M. „Mexican immigrants' understanding and experience of tuberculosis infection“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280301.
Annotation:
The purpose of this dissertation study was two-fold; (1) to discover the health culture, or explanatory model of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) for Mexican immigrants at the U.S.-Mexico border who have been diagnosed with LTBI; and, (2) to identify those coercive and/or oppressive elements unique to this setting and population, embedded in power structures and worldviews that may shape both the conditions and social responses to diagnosis and treatment of LTBI. The viewpoints of nine Mexican immigrants diagnosed with LTBI and their spouses in their every day struggles within the historical, sociocultural, political, and economic context of the U.S.-Mexico border were explored to address the three research aims. This critical ethnographic study provided a full and systematic account of the popular and professional explanatory models that underpinned the Mexican immigrants' cultural construction of LTBI and preventive therapy. Informants participated in three in-depth interviews conducted primarily in their homes with a bilingual interpreter during a four-month period. Kleinman's Explanatory Model of Illness provided the conceptual underpinnings and critical theories provided the theoretical perspective for this study. Data sources included interviews, a demographic data questionnaire, participant observation, and field notes. Data analysis was directed toward the inductive generation of subcategories, categories, and domains that answered the research aims. The results of the study illuminated several points including the: (a) multiple conflicting viewpoints between the Mexican immigrants' popular explanatory model of TB and the diagnosis of LTBI; (b) powerful and dominating Mexican popular explanatory model of TB and how it influenced the informants' understanding of LTBI; (c) lack of folk knowledge and exclusive use of the formal health care system for producing household health during preventive therapy; and, (d) the macro-level social, political, economic and historical factors that influenced adherence to preventive therapy in the Mexican immigrant diagnosed with LTBI. This research has significance for nursing in three areas, it: (a) elicited the Mexican immigrants' popular explanatory model of TB; (b) identified points of departure with the U.S. professional explanatory model of TB and LTBI; and (c) provided essential information that the immigrants' used to inform treatment decisions for LTBI.
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Monti, Laura S. „Seri Indian adaptive strategies in a desert and sea environment: Three case studies. A navigational song map in the Sea of Cortes; the ironwood tree as habitat for medicinal plants; desert plants adapted to treat diabetes“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280316.
Annotation:
In this research I examine the adaptive strategies and practices that an indigenous community uses to cope with stresses and threats of their local environment. I consider the premise that the continuous interactions with nature by a people who have lived in the same geographic region for great periods of time can lead to traditional ecological knowledge that benefits human well being, and can also result in practices that result in the protection and sustainable use of the natural resources of their environment. Case studies with the Seri Indians in Sonora, Mexico are provided to demonstrate how adaptive behaviors evolved in coastal-desert environment can affect health and also contribute to conservation. In each study, I examine practices that the Seri Indians use to cope with the constraints and opportunities inherent in their desert and sea environment. The case studies take place in 3 landscapes of different geographic scale and cultural contexts. The first study is of a seascape where ritual sea songs are sung to navigate through dangerous channel between two islands. The second study examines medicinal plant associations with the ironwood tree (Olneya tesota Gray) in a series of landscapes of the Central Gulf Coast of Sonora. The third study considers a group of five desert plants adapted by the Seri to treat diabetes in light of the biological and cultural factors that influenced the Seri selection of these plants. The studies demonstrate in different environments, spatial scales and cultural contexts, how dynamic human-environment interactions take place at the interface between biological and cultural adaptation; interactions that are mutually reinforced in the human experience.
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Sangaramoorthy, Thurka. „We all have AIDS: Circulations of risk, race, and statistics in HIV/AIDS prevention“. Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3311350.
Annotation:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco with the University of California, Berkeley, 2008.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-06, Section: A, page: 2336. Adviser: Charles L. Briggs.
Bücher zum Thema "Anthropology, Cultural|Health Sciences, Public Health|Sustainability":
1
Hillier, S. M., und David Kelleher. Researching cultural differences in health. London: Routledge, 2002.
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Sobo, Elisa Janine. The cultural context of health, illness, and medicine. 2. Aufl. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2010.
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Petryna, Adriana, und João Guilherme Biehl. When people come first: Critical studies in global health. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.
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Waldram, James B. Aboriginal health in Canada: Historical, cultural, and epidemiological perspectives. 2. Aufl. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.
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Waldram, James B. Aboriginal health in Canada: Historical, cultural, and epidemiological perspectives. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.
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Waldram, James B. Aboriginal health in Canada: Historical, cultural, and epidemiological perspectives. 2. Aufl. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.
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Lock, Margaret. The anthropology of biomedicine. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
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Zohar, Noʻam. Alternatives in Jewish bioethics. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.
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Lu, Jinky Leilanie Del Prado. Gender, information technology, and health. Diliman, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 2005.
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Zuckerman, Molly K. Modern environments and human health: Revisiting the second epidemiological transition. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell, 2014.
Buchteile zum Thema "Anthropology, Cultural|Health Sciences, Public Health|Sustainability":
1
Houghton, Lauren C., und Noémie Elhadad. „Practice Note: ‘If Only All Women Menstruated Exactly Two Weeks Ago’: Interdisciplinary Challenges and Experiences of Capturing Hormonal Variation Across the Menstrual Cycle“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 725–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_53.
Annotation:
Abstract Houghton and Elhadad offer a new and needed perspective on approaches for measuring the menstrual cycle and identifying underlying hormonal profiles that can help determine risk factors for chronic diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. The authors discuss methods that have been applied historically and how those have shown vast variation in menstrual cycle characteristics around the globe. They then review and explore how innovation in technologies can be used to detect and disseminate new menstrual cycle knowledge. Additionally, the authors show how interdisciplinary efforts across anthropology, public health, and data science can leverage the advances in mobile menstrual tracking and hormone measurement to better characterize the menstrual cycle at the population level. This analysis concludes with a breakdown of how personalized menstrual norms and predictions can help individuals to be better stewards of their own menstrual health.
2
Kleinman, Arthur. „Social and cultural anthropology: salience for psychiatry“. In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 275–79. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0036.
Annotation:
Anthropology's chief contribution to psychiatry is to emphasize the importance of the social world in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, and to provide concepts and methods that psychiatrists can apply (the appropriate cross-disciplinary translation first being made, however). But that is not the only contribution that anthropology offers. Ethnographers are aware that knowledge is positioned, facts and values are inseparable, and experience is simply too complex and robust to be easily boxed into tight analytical categories. Hence a sense of the fallibility of understanding, the limitation of practice, and irony and paradox in human conditions is the consequence of ethnography as a method of knowledge production. Anthropology also complements the idea of psychosomatic relationships with evidence and theorizing about sociosomatic relationships. Here moral processes—namely what is at stake in local worlds—are shown to be closely linked with emotional processes, which are frequently about experiences of loss, fear, vexation, and betrayal of what is collectively and individually at stake in interpersonal relationships. Change in the former can change the latter, and this can at times work in reverse as well. Examples include the way symptoms intensify or even arise in response to fear and vexation concerning threats perceived as serious dangers to what is most at stake. The relationship of poverty to morbidity and mortality is a different example of sociosomatic processes. Poverty correlates with increased morbidity and mortality. Psychiatrists have often had trouble getting the point that public health and infectious disease experts have long understood. But it is not just diarrhoeal disease, tuberculosis, AIDS, heart disease, and cancer that demonstrate this powerful social epidemiological correlation—so do psychiatric conditions. Depression, substance abuse, violence, and their traumatic consequences not only occur at higher rates in the poorest local worlds, but also cluster together (much as do infectious diseases), and those vicious clusters define a local place, usually a disintegrating inner-city community. Hence the findings of the National Co-Morbidity Study in the United States of America that most psychiatric conditions occur as comorbidity is a step toward this ethnographic knowledge—that in the most vulnerable, dangerous, and broken local worlds, psychiatric diseases are not encountered as separate problems but as part of these sociosomatic clusters. Finally, anthropology is also salient for policy and programme development in psychiatry. Against an overly narrow neurobiological framing of psychiatric conditions as brain disorders, anthropology in psychiatry draws on cross-national, cross-ethnic, and disintegrating community data to emphasize the relationship of increasing rates of mental health problems, especially among underserved, impoverished populations worldwide, and increasing problems in the organization and delivery of mental health services to fundamental transformations in political economy, institutions, and culture that are remaking our epoch. In so doing, anthropology projects a vision of psychiatry as a discipline central to social welfare and health policy. It argues as well against the profession's ethnocentrism and for the field as a larger component of international health. Anthropology (together with economics, sociology, and political science) also provides the tools for psychiatry to develop policies and programmes that address the close ties between social conditions and mental health conditions, and social policies and mental health policies. In this sense, anthropology urges psychiatry in a global direction, one in which psychiatric knowledge and practice, once altered to fit in more culturally salient ways in local worlds around the globe, have a more important place at the policy table.
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Ohara, Sabine Ursula, Ashley D. Milton und Tia D. Jeffery. „Local Food and Fitness“. In Changing Urban Landscapes Through Public Higher Education, 144–69. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3454-9.ch007.
Annotation:
The 11th Street Bridge Park is an ambitious project that will connect Washington DC Wards 6 and 8 by replacing a retired bridge across the Anacostia River. The new 11th Street Bridge will be the city's first elevated public park built on the piers of the old bridge. The Bridge Park will feature local food, recreation, health, and the arts. The UDC College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability, and Environmental Sciences (CAUSES) is a key partner in the project and has worked with community groups to anchor the bridge park through community gardens, food production workshops, and nutrition classes. Over 200 raised bed gardens have been built, and Ward 6 and 8 residents have learned to grow and prepare food. While the Bridge Park builds a physical bridge, the community work of CAUSES brings the social and cultural aspects of the project into focus. This chapter describes the transformative work of empowering urban residents to grow food and to use their local expertise in collaboration with CAUSES land-grant specialists to improve their economic condition and adopt healthier lifestyles.